Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies (Peabody by Joel Aberbach, Visit Amazon's Robert D. Putnam Page, search
By Joel Aberbach, Visit Amazon's Robert D. Putnam Page, search results, Learn about Author Central, Robert D. Putnam, , Bert Rockman
In uneasy partnership on the helm of the fashionable kingdom stand elected occasion politicians bureaucrats. This publication is the 1st finished comparability of those robust elites. In seven countries--the usa, nice Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, Italy, and the Netherlands--researchers puzzled seven-hundred bureaucrats and 6OO politicians with the intention to know how their goals, attitudes, and goals fluctuate inside of cultural settings.
One of the authors' most vital findings is that the worlds of those elites overlap even more within the usa than in Europe. yet through the West bureaucrats and politicians every one put on distinctive blinders and every have particular virtues. In a well-ordered polity, the authors finish, politicians articulate society's goals and bureaucrats deliver them gingerly to earth.
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The United States is a larger exception, but one reflecting the separation of powers doctrine that makes Congress an especially powerful body. Still, it is worth pointing out that nearly 60 percent of all American presidents have been members of Congress, a proportion that has been maintained across the eight presidencies since World War II. Parliamentary bodies at any given time include in their membership those who will ascend to the highest pinnacle of leadership in their systems. There is, in other words, no more reliable arena from which to sample those who are likely to get to the very top of the political elite.
The United States has a formal, but impotent, party leadership located in the national party committees. ) The overlap between party officials and parliamentary membership, if not always total, is at a minimum very great. In order to sample professional party politicians, therefore, parliament is a good place to begin. Secondly, parliaments almost always breed cabinet ministers, even in those countries that do not require cabinet ministers to be in parliament during their tenure in the government.
But if our fundamental purpose is to explain why these characteristics vary across political systems, then we must be concerned with extracting those variables for which the national political system is but a portmanteau. That is, to be able to assess what lies beneath political system differences, factors commonly measured across all systems but varying in the values they assume must be explicitly built into the research design. Such an undertaking, it should be stressed, is exceedingly ambitious, for it means that comparative analysis in this sense is not defined merely as a set of univariate comparisons across na- 30 Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies tional systems.